AOn Saturday mornings, neighbours bring spare seeds to a table at Brook Hall. The table is managed by two volunteers, who sort the packets by plant type rather than by the donor's name. Anyone may take a packet without leaving one. The organisers want beginners without spare seeds to be able to join the exchange.
BLast month, several visitors confused seeds for tall plants with seeds for short ones because the packets looked alike. The volunteers therefore added a drawing of the fully grown plant to each label. These drawings show its likely shape and height; they do not promise that every seed will grow. A visitor can still ask a volunteer for help.
CPackets may be left on the outdoor table only if their labels are readable. Packets with damaged labels go to an indoor tray until a volunteer replaces the labels. This rule concerns the information on a packet, not the age of its seeds. The hall's small storage box holds fewer packets than the outdoor table, but it keeps them dry.
中文对照
A 星期六上午，邻居们把多余的种子带到布鲁克活动中心的一张桌子上。两名志愿者管理这张桌子，他们按植物种类，而不是捐赠者的姓名，把种子包分类。任何人都可以拿走一包，不必同时留下一包。组织者希望没有多余种子的新手也能参加交换活动。
B 上个月，一些来访者把高大植物的种子与矮小植物的种子弄混了，因为种子包看起来相似。因此，志愿者在每张标签上添加了一幅植物长成后的图画。这些图画表示植物可能的形状和高度，并不保证每一粒种子都会发芽生长。来访者仍然可以向志愿者求助。
C 种子包只有在标签能够读清楚的情况下，才可以放在室外桌子上。标签受损的种子包会放进室内托盘，直到志愿者更换标签。这项规则针对的是种子包上的信息，而不是种子的年岁。活动中心的小储存箱能装的种子包比室外桌子少，但能让种子包保持干燥。
词汇手边卡
spare
多余的，备用的
donor
捐赠者
packet
小包
readable
能够读清楚的
tray
托盘
10–30 · 20 分钟
2. 主语换位，不换执行者
阅读技巧训练 · 本课原创材料与教学编排
被动句常把接受动作的对象放在前面。读到the costumes are checked by a wardrobe assistant时，先问被检查的是什么，再问谁检查。句子的第一个名词不一定是做事的人。
把句子还原为主动表达时，动作双方和时间不能丢。Before each collection说的是领取之前；如果改成归还之后，就算check和costumes都没换，也不是原来的意思。
有些被动句没有写执行者。这时可以知道什么被做了，却不能凭空填一个人。今天示范句明确写了by a wardrobe assistant，才有依据确认执行者。
分开角色在p2 A段中分别指出costumes、are checked和by a wardrobe assistant各承担什么角色。
AThe stage team at Elm Theatre lends costumes to local clubs. Before each collection, the costumes are checked by a wardrobe assistant. The assistant records tears and loose buttons on a card so that clubs are not blamed for damage that was already there. The club representative then signs the card and takes a copy.
BFor years, return dates were printed on small cards inside costume bags. Some borrowers did not see the cards until they opened the bags at home. The team now attaches a bright tag to the outside of each bag because it wants the return date to be visible at collection. This change does not lengthen the borrowing period.
CA club may keep costumes for an extra week only if no other club has reserved them for that week. Even then, an assistant must approve the request; an empty booking calendar is not permission on its own. Small repairs made during normal use are included in the standard fee, whereas replacement of a lost costume is charged separately.
中文对照
A 榆树剧院的舞台团队向当地社团出借演出服装。每次领取之前，服装管理员助理都会检查服装。助理把破口和松动的纽扣记录在卡片上，以免社团因为原本就存在的损坏而受到指责。随后，社团代表在卡片上签名并拿走一份副本。
B 多年来，归还日期一直印在服装袋内部的小卡片上。有些借用者直到回家打开袋子时才看到卡片。现在，团队在每个袋子的外侧系上一张鲜艳的标签，因为他们希望借用者在领取时就能看到归还日期。这项改变并没有延长借用期限。
C 社团只有在没有其他社团预约该周使用这些服装时，才有可能多借一周。即使如此，也必须由助理批准申请；预约表上空着并不单独构成许可。正常使用期间进行的小修补包含在标准费用内，而遗失服装的补偿费用需要另行支付。
词汇手边卡
costume
演出服装
wardrobe assistant
服装管理员助理
tear
破口，裂口
visible
看得见的
approve
批准
whereas
而，却，用于对比
30–55 · 25 分钟
3. 改写不只是换近义词
阅读技巧训练 · 本课原创材料与教学编排
改写可能把一个短语变成一句解释。比如not blamed for damage that was already there，可以表达为不把借用前已有的损坏归责给社团。关键是损坏的时间和责任对象，而不是找blame的一个替换词。
only if引出必须满足的条件，不单独保证结果。借用规则还写了Even then和must approve，就必须继续读审批要求。没有别的预约和获准延长并不是同一句话。
说出目的做Q06时说明记录既有损坏是为了避免哪种错误归责。
限定变化做Q07时把原来与现在的信息出现时间相比较，再检查是否真的改变借用时长。
读完条件做Q08时同时读only if和Even then后的内容，区分达到条件与获得许可。
改写保留的是整句关系，不能靠一个近义词把其余限制带过去。
把满足一个条件当作自动获准。继续寻找并列条件、审批和例外。
The Costume Room
AI自编教学情境，非真题：一家虚构剧院向当地社团出借演出服装。 · 原创教学场景
AThe stage team at Elm Theatre lends costumes to local clubs. Before each collection, the costumes are checked by a wardrobe assistant. The assistant records tears and loose buttons on a card so that clubs are not blamed for damage that was already there. The club representative then signs the card and takes a copy.
BFor years, return dates were printed on small cards inside costume bags. Some borrowers did not see the cards until they opened the bags at home. The team now attaches a bright tag to the outside of each bag because it wants the return date to be visible at collection. This change does not lengthen the borrowing period.
CA club may keep costumes for an extra week only if no other club has reserved them for that week. Even then, an assistant must approve the request; an empty booking calendar is not permission on its own. Small repairs made during normal use are included in the standard fee, whereas replacement of a lost costume is charged separately.
中文对照
A 榆树剧院的舞台团队向当地社团出借演出服装。每次领取之前，服装管理员助理都会检查服装。助理把破口和松动的纽扣记录在卡片上，以免社团因为原本就存在的损坏而受到指责。随后，社团代表在卡片上签名并拿走一份副本。
B 多年来，归还日期一直印在服装袋内部的小卡片上。有些借用者直到回家打开袋子时才看到卡片。现在，团队在每个袋子的外侧系上一张鲜艳的标签，因为他们希望借用者在领取时就能看到归还日期。这项改变并没有延长借用期限。
C 社团只有在没有其他社团预约该周使用这些服装时，才有可能多借一周。即使如此，也必须由助理批准申请；预约表上空着并不单独构成许可。正常使用期间进行的小修补包含在标准费用内，而遗失服装的补偿费用需要另行支付。
This可以指前面整件事，而不只是一个名词。读到This led the desk to add a closure notice，先回读前句，找出促使服务台行动的具体情况，不要自己补成所有游客都迷路。
比较至少要对齐谁和谁、比什么、在什么条件下。bright sunlight、the phone map used by the desk和easier to read不能删成纸质地图在任何情况下都更好。某个维度较好，也不推出其他维度较好。
替回代词做Q09-Q10，先写出代词候选，再放回原句检查动作和上下文。
拆开比较做Q11，把比较对象、可读性和光照条件分别说出。
核对共同点做Q12，分清两种地图共同显示的内容和其中一种额外提供的功能。
代词靠语法与语义共同确认；比较结论只适用于原文说明的对象和维度。
把离代词最近的名词直接当答案，或把更易读扩大成任何方面都更好。
Two Walking Maps
AI自编教学情境，非真题：一座虚构小镇的游客服务台提供两种步行地图。 · 原创教学场景
AIn the fictional town of Mereford, the visitor desk offers a paper walking map and a phone map. Both show the same public paths. Local residents recorded the phone map's short descriptions. They were invited to discuss places they knew well rather than read step-by-step directions.
BThe paper map is easier to read in bright sunlight than the phone map used by the desk. This comparison concerns visibility, not the number of paths shown. The paper copies cost less to replace, but they cannot play the recordings. Neither version marks private paths as public.
CLast spring, visitors repeatedly tried to enter a riverside gate that was closed for repairs. This led the desk to add a closure notice to both maps. The notice was added because visitors needed current access information, not because the walking route had become longer.
DThe desk recommends the shorter hill walk only if the upper path is open and the visitor is comfortable on uneven ground. Meeting those conditions does not remove the need to check the weather. Visitors who prefer level ground are directed to the canal walk, even when the hill walk is available. Neither walk is described as suitable in every kind of weather.
中文对照
A 在虚构的米尔福德小镇，游客服务台提供纸质步行地图和手机地图。两者显示相同的公共小路。手机地图中的简短介绍由当地居民录制。居民们受邀谈论自己熟悉的地点，而不是朗读逐步行走的方向指示。
B 在明亮的阳光下，这份纸质地图比服务台使用的手机地图更容易看清。这一比较针对的是可见程度，而不是显示的小路数量。纸质地图的更换成本较低，但不能播出这些语音介绍。两个版本都没有把私人小路标成公共小路。
C 去年春天，游客多次试图进入一处因维修而关闭的河边入口。这件事促使服务台在两种地图上都添加了关闭通知。添加通知是因为游客需要当前的通行信息，而不是因为步行路线变长了。
D 服务台只有在上段小路开放，并且游客能适应不平地面的情况下，才推荐较短的山坡步道。满足这些条件也不能免去查看天气的必要性。偏好平坦地面的游客会被推荐走运河步道，即使山坡步道可以通行也是如此。文章没有把任何一条步道描述成适合所有天气。
AIn the fictional town of Mereford, the visitor desk offers a paper walking map and a phone map. Both show the same public paths. Local residents recorded the phone map's short descriptions. They were invited to discuss places they knew well rather than read step-by-step directions.
BThe paper map is easier to read in bright sunlight than the phone map used by the desk. This comparison concerns visibility, not the number of paths shown. The paper copies cost less to replace, but they cannot play the recordings. Neither version marks private paths as public.
CLast spring, visitors repeatedly tried to enter a riverside gate that was closed for repairs. This led the desk to add a closure notice to both maps. The notice was added because visitors needed current access information, not because the walking route had become longer.
DThe desk recommends the shorter hill walk only if the upper path is open and the visitor is comfortable on uneven ground. Meeting those conditions does not remove the need to check the weather. Visitors who prefer level ground are directed to the canal walk, even when the hill walk is available. Neither walk is described as suitable in every kind of weather.
中文对照
A 在虚构的米尔福德小镇，游客服务台提供纸质步行地图和手机地图。两者显示相同的公共小路。手机地图中的简短介绍由当地居民录制。居民们受邀谈论自己熟悉的地点，而不是朗读逐步行走的方向指示。
B 在明亮的阳光下，这份纸质地图比服务台使用的手机地图更容易看清。这一比较针对的是可见程度，而不是显示的小路数量。纸质地图的更换成本较低，但不能播出这些语音介绍。两个版本都没有把私人小路标成公共小路。
C 去年春天，游客多次试图进入一处因维修而关闭的河边入口。这件事促使服务台在两种地图上都添加了关闭通知。添加通知是因为游客需要当前的通行信息，而不是因为步行路线变长了。
D 服务台只有在上段小路开放，并且游客能适应不平地面的情况下，才推荐较短的山坡步道。满足这些条件也不能免去查看天气的必要性。偏好平坦地面的游客会被推荐走运河步道，即使山坡步道可以通行也是如此。文章没有把任何一条步道描述成适合所有天气。
AAt Alder Workshop, members make pots during open studio hours, but a technician loads the shared kiln. Each piece is inspected by the technician before firing. Makers leave their work on a numbered shelf and complete a card naming the clay they used. A shelf number identifies a storage space, not a place in the firing queue.
BA piece can enter a shared firing only if its clay type is known and it is completely dry. The technician can still postpone an eligible piece when there is not enough space. Paying the monthly membership fee does not guarantee firing on a particular day. Unknown clay is held back because it may need a different temperature from the other pieces.
CThe studio recently replaced handwritten collection messages with numbered tickets. They are handed to makers when their finished pots are ready. Each ticket matches one shelf in the collection room. The change was made after two members took home the wrong pots; it was intended to reduce collection mistakes, not to make the kiln heat faster.
DCompared with individual firings, shared firings use less electricity per pot when the kiln is full. That comparison says nothing about a partly filled kiln. The technician chooses a firing temperature from the clay requirements rather than from the number of members waiting.
中文对照
A 在桤木工作室，会员在开放时段制作陶器，但由技术员把作品装入共用窑炉。每件作品在烧制前都由技术员检查。制作者把作品放在带编号的架子上，并填写卡片，注明所用黏土。架子的编号表示存放位置，而不是烧制队列中的顺序。
B 作品只有在黏土种类已知并且完全干燥时，才可以参加共同烧制。空间不足时，技术员仍然可以推迟烧制一件已符合条件的作品。支付月度会员费并不保证作品在某个特定日期烧制。黏土种类不明的作品会被暂缓，因为它可能需要与其他作品不同的温度。
C 工作室最近用带编号的领取票替代了手写领取消息。成品陶器准备好后，领取票会交给制作者。每张票对应领取室中的一个架子。在两名会员拿错陶器带回家之后，工作室进行了这项改变；其目的是减少领取错误，而不是让窑炉升温更快。
D 与单独烧制相比，当窑炉装满时，共同烧制每件陶器的耗电量更少。这一比较没有说明窑炉只装了一部分时的情况。技术员根据黏土的要求，而不是等候会员的人数，选择烧制温度。
AThe Harbour Museum offers a handling session for its local history room. During the session, visitors examine replica household objects at a table rather than touch the originals in the cases. The replicas are made by a model maker from photographs and measurements supplied by museum staff. They are designed to show shape and size, not to reproduce every scratch on an original.
BVisitors may handle a replica only if a guide has checked it for damage. A checked replica can still be withdrawn during a crowded session. Permission to handle one object does not extend to the originals or to other unchecked replicas. The guide can describe an object aloud for visitors who prefer not to touch it.
CThe museum added a raised outline to each object label after several visitors found the small printed drawings difficult to distinguish. This addition was intended to make the shapes easier to tell apart. It did not replace the printed names, which remain beside the outlines.
DIn a quiet room, the spoken description takes longer than reading the short label silently. The staff make no claim about which method leads to better memory. They offer both so visitors can choose. Recordings may be replayed during the session, but the museum does not provide recordings to take home.
中文对照
A 海港博物馆为地方历史展室安排了物品体验活动。活动期间，游客在桌边查看家居物品的复制品，而不是触摸展柜中的原物。模型制作者依据博物馆工作人员提供的照片和尺寸制作复制品。复制品旨在展示形状和大小，而不是再现原物上的每一道划痕。
B 游客只有在讲解员检查过复制品有无损坏后，才可以拿起来体验。活动拥挤时，即使检查过的复制品也仍可能被撤回。获准拿起一件物品，并不意味着可以触摸原物或其他尚未检查的复制品。对于不愿触摸物品的游客，讲解员可以出声描述该物品。
C 一些游客发现标签上印制的小图画难以区分，之后博物馆在每张物品标签上添加了凸起的轮廓。这项新增内容旨在让形状更容易区分。它没有取代印刷的名称，名称仍然保留在轮廓旁边。
D 在安静的房间里，听口头描述所需的时间比默读简短标签更长。工作人员没有声称哪种方式能带来更好的记忆效果。他们提供两种方式，让游客选择。活动期间可以重放录音，但博物馆不提供可供游客带回家的录音。
