ABrook Lane Library has placed a small shelf near the front window for visitors who are new to the area. It holds short books about local walks and places to visit. Every Monday, librarian Nora chooses six books for the shelf. Her colleague Sam writes a short card for each book. The cards describe the routes, but they do not replace the books.
BVisitors may keep a book for two weeks. They should take it to the main desk before leaving, even if they already have a library card. On return, they leave it at the main desk, not on the window shelf. This allows staff to check each book before another visitor borrows it.
中文对照
A 布鲁克巷图书馆在前窗附近放了一个小书架,供刚来到这一带的访客使用。书架上放着介绍本地步行路线和游览地点的短书。每周一,图书管理员诺拉为书架挑选六本书。她的同事萨姆为每本书写一张简短的介绍卡。这些卡片介绍路线,但不能代替书本。
B 访客可以把一本书借走两周。离开前,他们应把书拿到主服务台,即使已经有借书证也一样。还书时,他们把书放在主服务台,而不是窗边的书架上。这样,工作人员就能在另一位访客借走之前检查每本书。
词汇手边卡
shelf
书架;架子
colleague
同事
route
路线
replace
代替
borrow
借入;借用
10–30 · 20 分钟
2. 完整示范:从申请任务走到证据句
阅读技巧训练 · 本课原创材料与教学编排
只看 p2 的 Q05。先确认这是选一个答案的题,再读 What must students record when requesting a board? 它要找学生申请画板时必须登记的内容,不是领取地点,也不是归还时间。
用 requesting a board 寻找相关位置时,原文的 To request a board 可以帮助你定位。接着要读完这句话,找到 students write 后面的内容。定位词把你带到句子,动作和动作后面的内容才共同回答问题。
最后把选项逐项与句子对照。一个选项包含熟悉的 name 还不够,如果它同时加入原文不要求登记的内容,整项就不能选。示范过的这题用于学习过程,不作为独立掌握的证明。
限定任务把 Q05 转成:学生申请画板时必须登记哪两项内容?保留申请这个环节。
读出依据找到 To request a board 所在句,沿 students write 往后读,核对完整的并列内容。
逐项核对选项的每一部分都要符合证据;不能因为前半项正确,就忽略后半项多加的内容。
原创教学示意:主体的中心是 volunteers,near the entrance 补充其位置;sort 是主要动作,the returned maps 是动作对象。先读出谁做了什么,再放回 Before lunch 等信息核对题目。三个标注分别贴近对应词组,时间短语保留但不并入主体。本图不是独立短文的证据。 · 原创示意
证据必须回答整个问题,正确选项也必须整项成立。
只看到 name 就停止比较。还要检查 and 后的另一项,以及题目限定的申请环节。
Drawing Boards for Outdoor Sketches
原创虚构教学场景:一所学院的画室管理供学生借用的画板。 · 原创教学场景
AA drawing studio at Linden College lends boards to students who want to sketch outside. To request a board for the next day, students write their name and collection time on a paper list inside the studio. The list closes at four in the afternoon. Students do not need to describe their planned picture.
BOn the following morning, assistant Leo places the requested boards on a trolley beside the studio door. Students collect them there after nine. They must return them to the studio before five on the same day. A small cupboard holds damaged boards until Leo repairs them. These boards are not available to borrow, even when the trolley is empty.
中文对照
A 林登学院的一间画室把画板借给想在户外写生的学生。要申请第二天使用的画板,学生需要在画室内的一张纸质名单上写下姓名和领取时间。名单在下午四点停止登记。学生不需要描述打算画的图画。
B 第二天早上,助理利奥把申请借用的画板放在画室门旁的一辆推车上。学生九点以后到那里领取。他们必须在当天五点以前把画板还到画室。一个小柜子里存放着受损的画板,直到利奥把它们修好。这些画板不能外借,即使推车已经空了也不例外。
先用容易识别的词缩小范围,再读对应的完整句。若句子使用 there、them 或 these boards,要回看前一句确认它指什么。只在已经找到的相关位置补读上下文,不必因此把整篇重新翻译一遍。
读完主干后再核对限制:before 和 after 的方向、only 限定的数量、not 排除的对象都可能影响答案。时间和地点并不永远是可忽略的背景;题目问到它们,或它们改变事件范围时,就必须保留。
配对动作为 Q06-Q08 各圈一个动作或范围词,先说清楚三题分别问什么。
补齐上下文找到候选句后,确认代词指向;有需要就向前或向后多读一句。
核对边界检查题目与原句的时间、对象和否定是否一致,再逐项排除不相符的内容。
定位靠线索缩小范围,作答靠完整句及必要上下文。
把所有出现同一物品的句子当成可互换证据。先比较它们讲的动作和发生环节。
Drawing Boards for Outdoor Sketches
原创虚构教学场景:一所学院的画室管理供学生借用的画板。 · 原创教学场景
AA drawing studio at Linden College lends boards to students who want to sketch outside. To request a board for the next day, students write their name and collection time on a paper list inside the studio. The list closes at four in the afternoon. Students do not need to describe their planned picture.
BOn the following morning, assistant Leo places the requested boards on a trolley beside the studio door. Students collect them there after nine. They must return them to the studio before five on the same day. A small cupboard holds damaged boards until Leo repairs them. These boards are not available to borrow, even when the trolley is empty.
中文对照
A 林登学院的一间画室把画板借给想在户外写生的学生。要申请第二天使用的画板,学生需要在画室内的一张纸质名单上写下姓名和领取时间。名单在下午四点停止登记。学生不需要描述打算画的图画。
B 第二天早上,助理利奥把申请借用的画板放在画室门旁的一辆推车上。学生九点以后到那里领取。他们必须在当天五点以前把画板还到画室。一个小柜子里存放着受损的画板,直到利奥把它们修好。这些画板不能外借,即使推车已经空了也不例外。
词汇手边卡
studio
工作室;这里指画室
sketch
画速写;写生
request
申请;请求
collection
这里指领取
trolley
推车
damaged
受损的
55–65
休息十分钟
离开屏幕,喝点水。回来再读下一段。
65–90 · 25 分钟
4. 读句子主干:谁、做什么、对什么做
阅读技巧训练 · 本课原创材料与教学编排
句子里的人名和物品多时,先找主要动作,再问谁在做、动作作用于什么。示意句 Before lunch, the volunteers near the entrance sort the returned maps. 可以先读成 volunteers sort maps,再把位置、时间和物品说明放回去。
near the entrance 说明是哪一群志愿者,不会让 entrance 变成整理地图的人。同样,wearing green aprons 是对人的补充说明。不要见到离动作最近的名词,就认定它一定是主体;要读整组词的关系。
AA neighbourhood garden runs a seed table on Saturday mornings. Near the entrance, coordinator Asha checks each visitor's name against a short list. Visitors do not pay for seeds, but each person may choose only two packets. The limit helps the garden share its small supply.
BBefore the table opens, volunteers wearing green aprons count the packets in wooden trays. Asha, with help from a new volunteer, writes the totals in a notebook. The notebook stays at the table; it is not a list of visitors' names.
CAt the end of the morning, gardener Ben places the remaining packets in a dry cupboard. Visitors take empty trays to the sink, where another volunteer washes them. Ben leaves a note on the cupboard when any kind of seed has run out.
中文对照
A 一个社区花园在周六上午开放种子领取台。在入口附近,协调员阿莎对照一份简短的名单核查每位访客的姓名。访客不需要为种子付钱,但每人只能选择两包。这个限制有助于花园把不多的种子分给大家。
B 领取台开放前,穿绿围裙的志愿者清点木托盘里的种子包。阿莎在一位新志愿者的帮助下,把总数写进一个笔记本。笔记本留在领取台上;它并不是一份访客姓名名单。
C 上午结束时,园丁本把剩余的种子包放进一个干燥的柜子。访客把空托盘拿到水槽处,由另一位志愿者在那里清洗。如果某一种种子已经发完,本会在柜子上留一张便条。
词汇手边卡
coordinator
协调员;负责安排工作的人
packet
小包
apron
围裙
tray
托盘
remaining
剩余的
run out
用完;这里指发完
90–120 · 30 分钟
5. 一起读一篇:由你走完证据链
阅读技巧训练 · 本课原创材料与教学编排
继续使用 p3,但不要把前四题的答案当成后四题的线索。每道题重新说清楚任务。问 Why 时找原因或目的;问地点时找对应动作发生在哪里;问 When 时读清是在说时间还是某件事发生的条件。
两处文字都提到同一个人,也可能在讲不同工作。遇到 list 和 notebook 这类相近物品,要分别查它们存放什么信息、怎样使用,再比较选项。不能只凭日常经验认定笔记本和名单可以互换。
AA neighbourhood garden runs a seed table on Saturday mornings. Near the entrance, coordinator Asha checks each visitor's name against a short list. Visitors do not pay for seeds, but each person may choose only two packets. The limit helps the garden share its small supply.
BBefore the table opens, volunteers wearing green aprons count the packets in wooden trays. Asha, with help from a new volunteer, writes the totals in a notebook. The notebook stays at the table; it is not a list of visitors' names.
CAt the end of the morning, gardener Ben places the remaining packets in a dry cupboard. Visitors take empty trays to the sink, where another volunteer washes them. Ben leaves a note on the cupboard when any kind of seed has run out.
中文对照
A 一个社区花园在周六上午开放种子领取台。在入口附近,协调员阿莎对照一份简短的名单核查每位访客的姓名。访客不需要为种子付钱,但每人只能选择两包。这个限制有助于花园把不多的种子分给大家。
B 领取台开放前,穿绿围裙的志愿者清点木托盘里的种子包。阿莎在一位新志愿者的帮助下,把总数写进一个笔记本。笔记本留在领取台上;它并不是一份访客姓名名单。
C 上午结束时,园丁本把剩余的种子包放进一个干燥的柜子。访客把空托盘拿到水槽处,由另一位志愿者在那里清洗。如果某一种种子已经发完,本会在柜子上留一张便条。
AA neighbourhood hall is preparing a display of old street photographs. Residents bring pictures to the side room on Thursday afternoon. Volunteer Inez writes the owner's name on a separate form, not on the photograph. Residents may bring several pictures, but the team can scan only three from each person that day.
BAt a desk beside the window, assistant Omar scans the chosen photographs and hands the originals back immediately. Owners may choose to keep their names off the display. The public labels show the street and an approximate year, but an owner's name appears only with permission.
COn Friday, Inez places the printed copies on panels in the main hall. The empty frames stay in the side room for a later event. Visitors can see the finished display from Saturday morning.
中文对照
A 一间社区礼堂正在准备老街照片展。居民在周四下午把照片带到侧厅。志愿者伊内兹把照片所有者的姓名写在一张单独的表格上,而不是照片上。居民可以带来好几张照片,但团队当天只能为每人扫描三张。
B 在窗边的一张桌子旁,助理奥马尔扫描选出的照片,然后立即归还原件。照片所有者可以选择不在展览中显示自己的姓名。公开的标签注明街道和大致年份,但只有获得许可,才会显示所有者的姓名。
C 周五,伊内兹把打印出的副本放到主礼堂的展板上。空相框留在侧厅,供以后的活动使用。访客从周六上午开始可以看到布置好的展览。
AA small weekend market has a plan for rainy mornings. The manager, Eva, puts a notice on the outside gate before eight. If the ground is wet, the vegetable sellers use the covered yard instead of the square. Bread sellers keep their usual places inside the market building.
BBefore customers arrive, delivery helpers wearing yellow coats carry vegetable boxes from the van to the yard. Sellers, not the helpers, write the prices on cards. Empty boxes go back into the van so that the narrow path remains clear.
CDuring the morning, Eva checks the path every hour. Customers can leave large umbrellas in a stand beside the entrance, but they must keep bags with them. When the market closes, the helpers return the umbrella stand to the store room.
中文对照
A 一个小型周末市场为下雨的早晨制定了安排。经理伊娃在八点以前把一张通知贴到外侧大门上。如果地面是湿的,蔬菜摊贩就在有顶棚的院子里营业,而不使用广场。面包摊贩继续使用市场建筑内原来的位置。
B 顾客到来前,穿黄色外套的送货帮手把蔬菜箱从货车搬到院子里。把价格写在卡片上的是摊贩,而不是这些帮手。空箱子被放回货车里,以便让狭窄的通道保持畅通。
C 上午营业期间,伊娃每小时检查一次通道。顾客可以把大伞放在入口旁的伞架里,但必须随身携带包。市场关门时,帮手们把伞架送回储藏室。